The Katy began with the 4-4-0 American Type as did most other railroads. The road may have been the only class 1 line to have started and ended steam power with the 4-4-0 American type. Katy number 311 was loaned to the St. Louis Museum of Transport in the 1950's and is the only Katy steam engine to escape the scrappers cutting torch.

The Katy engine roster showed most of the small and medium engine types during the steam era, there included a few 4-4-2 Alantics. Even some 2-10-0 Russian Decapod were assigned to the Katy during WWI, engine number 8010 was acquired by the Frisco and renumbered 1623. Also a few narrow gauge engines appeared on the Katy roster when the East Line and Red River R.R. was purchased in 1881 and later converted to standard gauge. The 2-6-0 Mogul type was most favored in numbers, the Katy owned more of this type than any other railroad in the country. Four engines from Grant Locomotive Works were on the roster in 1873 and Mogul number 508 would be the last steam engine used on the line ending 86 years of service being scrapped in 1954.

The largest engines on the roster would be 4-6-2 Pacifics and 2-8-2 Mikado types. Other than ten Lima superheated 0-8-0 switchers purchased in 1925, these would be the last steam powered engines purchased by the Katy.

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